Patient Programmer Having a Key-Fob-Sized Form Factor

ABSTRACT

A patient programmer has a housing having a key-fob-sized form factor. The patient programmer has electrical circuitry implemented inside the housing. The electrical circuitry includes a communication module configured to conduct wireless communications with an implantable pulse generator. The patient programmer has a user display implemented on the housing. The user display is configured to display one or more statuses of the implantable pulse generator. The implantable pulse generator is configured to generate an electrical stimulation therapy. The patient programmer has one or more buttons implemented on the housing. The one or more buttons are configured to send instructions, via the communication module, to the implantable pulse generator to adjust a stimulation parameter of the electrical stimulation therapy.

This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/170,775, filedJun. 28, 2011. This disclosure is directed to a patient programmer forcontrolling an electrical stimulation implantable device.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION Background

Neurostimulation devices deliver therapy in the form of electricalstimulation pulses to treat symptoms and conditions, such as chronicpain, Parkinson's disease, or epilepsy, for example. Implantableneurostimulation devices, for example, deliver neurostimulation therapyvia leads that include electrodes located proximate to the muscles andnerves of a patient. Treatments frequently require two external devices:a neurostimulator controller and a neurostimulation device charger.Neurostimulator controllers are frequently used to adjust treatmentparameters, select programs, and even to program treatment platformsinto the implantable device. External neurostimulator device chargersare used to recharge batteries on the implanted device.

Conventional neurostimulator controllers are approximately the size ofhand-held gaming system controllers, smartphones, or PDAs. While small,they are too large to comfortably be carried around in one's pocket andmust be carried in a belt pouch or purse. Because of the size of thesedevices, they are not easily concealed and frequently result in unwantedattention. Known controllers provide so many features or functions thatthey sometimes overwhelm the patient to the point where the trial fails.A typical patient will only use a very small subset of the availablefeatures on the controllers. Most patients only use their controller toturn the neurostimulator on or off, select which neurostimulationprogram to run, and adjust their stimulation amplitude, while a verysmall percentage of patients utilize the advance controls to adjustprogram frequency and individual pulse/area stimulation parameters suchas pulse width.

Existing chargers are typically about the same size as theneurostimulator controllers and are used for the sole purpose ofrecharging the implantable device's battery. These chargers are usuallykept in the patient's house and used once a week or so depending uponstimulation parameters.

The present disclosure is directed to devices, systems, and methods thataddress one or more deficiencies in the prior art.

SUMMARY

This disclosure is directed to a system with dual patient controllersthat control an implantable medical device. It includes a pocketcontroller and a separate integrated controller charger.

In one exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed to anintegrated controller charger operable to both charge a rechargeablepower source of an implantable medical device and control theimplantable medical device. The controller charger includes acommunication module configured to transmit information from thecontroller charger to the implantable medical device and configured toreceive information from the implanted medical device. It also includesa power charging module configured to transmit energy storable at therechargeable power source on the implantable medical device. A controlmodule is configured to control both the communication module and thepower charging module. The control module may include a processor and amemory and is operable to store the information received from theimplanted medical device and generate signals to activate thestimulation programs on the implanted medical device.

In another exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed to anassembly for controlling an implantable medical device configured totransmit and receive information. The implantable medical deviceincludes a rechargeable power source. The assembly includes a controllercharger operable to both charge the implantable medical device andcontrol the implantable medical device and includes a limited purposecontroller sized smaller than the controller charger. The limitedpurpose controller includes a communication module configured totransmit information from the limited purpose controller to theimplantable medical device and configured to receive information fromthe implanted medical device. It also includes a control moduleconfigured to transmit to and receive information from the communicationmodule in communication with the implantable medical device. Thecontroller may be configured to permit a user to control only a subsetof the features controllable with the controller charger, including, forexample, 1) electrical stimulation on/off selection, 2) stimulationprogram amplitude adjustment, and 3) electrical stimulation programselection.

In some exemplary aspects the assembly includes a controller chargeroperable to both charge the implantable medical device and control theimplantable medical device. The controller charger includes acommunication module configured to transmit information from thecontroller charger to the implantable medical device and configured toreceive information from the implanted medical device. It also includesa power charging module configured to emit energy storable at therechargeable power source on the implantable medical device. A controlmodule interfaces with both the communication module and the powercharging module. The control module is configured to permit a user tocontrol features on the implantable medical device including a)electrical stimulation on/off selection, b) stimulation programamplitude adjustment, c) electrical stimulation program selection, andd) adjusting stimulation program frequency, as well as providingadditional status information relating to the implanted medical device.The assembly also includes a limited purpose controller sized smallerthan the controller charger. The limited purpose controller includes acommunication module configured to transmit information from thecontroller to the implantable medical device and configured to receiveinformation from the implanted medical device. It also includes acontrol module configured to transmit to and receive information fromthe implantable medical device. The limited purpose controller isconfigured to permit a user to control only a subset of the featurescontrollable with the controller charger. The subset of the featuresincludes 1) electrical stimulation on/off selection, 2) stimulationprogram amplitude adjustment, and 3) electrical stimulation programselection.

In another exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed to amethod performed by a limited purpose controller in communication withan implanted implantable pulse generator. The method includes steps ofreceiving from the implantable pulse generator data representing enabledstimulation programs; storing the data representing the enabledstimulation programs on the limited purpose controller; receiving aninput from a user to activate stimulation from the implantable pulsegenerator according to one of the enabled stimulation programs, thelimited purpose controller being configured in a manner not permittingthe user to modify the enabled stimulation program other than to adjusta global amplitude of pulses emitted by the implantable pulse generatoraccording to an enabled stimulation program; and transmitting datarepresenting the selected stimulation program from the limited purposecontroller to the implantable pulse generator.

In another exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed to amethod performed by a patient controller charger in communication withan implanted implantable pulse generator. The method includes steps ofreceiving from the implantable pulse generator data representing enabledstimulation programs; storing the data representing the enabledstimulation programs on the limited purpose controller; receiving aninput from a user to adjust a frequency and pulse width of an electricalstimulation treatment; transmitting data representing the adjustedfrequency and pulse from the patient controller charger to theimplantable pulse generator; receiving an input from a user to charge abattery on an implanted implantable pulse generator with the patientcontroller charger; and emitting energy from the patient controllercharger configured to charge the implantable pulse generator.

In another exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed to anintegrated controller charger operable to both charge a rechargeablepower source of an implantable medical device and control theimplantable medical device. The controller charger includes a controllercharger portion configured to wirelessly communicate with theimplantable medical device, configured to receive inputs from a user,configured to send control signals indicative of the received inputs tothe implantable medical device, and configured to receive informationfrom the implantable medical device and display the information to auser. The controller charger also includes a coil portion configured togenerate an inductive field to wirelessly charge a battery in theimplantable medical device, and includes a flexible cable extendingbetween and electrically connecting the controller charger portion andthe coil portion, the flexible cable electrically connecting thecontroller charger and the coil portion.

In another exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed toward apocket controller that is operable by a patient to adjust a plurality ofoperational parameters defining a stimulation program to be performed byan implantable medical device within the patient. The pocket controllerincludes a housing comprising a smaller form factor than a housing of apatient controller that offers a greater number of control options thanthe pocket controller. The pocket controller also communicates with theimplantable medical device to adjust a plurality of the operationalparameters of the implantable medical device. A number of theoperational parameters that are adjustable with the pocket controller isless than a number of the operational parameters that are adjustablewith the patient controller. A user interface is also provided to thepocket controller to receive input from the patient, allowing thepatient to select, from the plurality of operational parametersadjustable with the pocket controller, a selected operational parameterthat is to be adjusted by the patient using the pocket controller. Thepocket controller also receives input from the patient indicating anadjustment to the selected operational parameter. The pocket controlleralso includes a communication module that is compatible with a receiverprovided to the implantable medical device to transmit a signalindicative of the adjustment from the pocket controller to theimplantable medical device and receive information from the implantablemedical device. A control module including a processor is configured toconvey the signal indicative of the adjustment entered via the userinterface to the communication module to be transmitted to theimplantable medical device.

In another exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed toward asystem for treating a patient. The system includes an implantablemedical device that is to be implanted in the patient to execute aninternal treatment routine on the patient, the internal treatmentroutine being governed by a plurality of operational parameters. Apatient controller is provided to communicate with the implantablemedical device and is to be placed in possession of the patient to allowthe patient to adjust a plurality of the operational parameters whilethe implantable medical device is implanted in the patient. A pocketcontroller that communicates with the implantable medical device and isalso to be placed in possession of the patient. The pocket controllerincludes a smaller form factor than a form factor of the patientcontroller and is usable by the patient to adjust a plurality of, butless than all of the operational parameters that are adjustable with thepatient controller. The pocket controller includes a user interface thatis usable by the patient to select, from the plurality of operationalparameters, a selected operational parameter that is to be adjusted bythe patient using the pocket controller, and to input or select anadjustment to the selected operational parameter.

In another exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed toward asystem for treating a patient. The system includes an implantableelectrical stimulation device that is to be implanted in the patientthat executes an electrical stimulation program to be performed on thepatient. The electrical stimulation program is governed by a pluralityof operational parameters. A patient controller is provided tocommunicate with the implantable electrical stimulation device and is tobe placed in possession of the patient to allow the patient to adjustthe plurality of operational parameters while the implantable electricalstimulation device is implanted in the patient. The plurality ofoperational parameters adjustable via the patient controller include anamplitude of an individual electrical pulse emitted as part of astimulation program performed by the implantable electrical stimulationdevice relative to an amplitude of another electrical pulse to beemitted as part of the same stimulation program performed by theimplantable electrical stimulation device. A pocket controller is alsoprovided to communicate with the implantable electrical stimulationdevice and is to be placed in possession of the patient. The pocketcontroller has a smaller form factor than a form factor of the patientcontroller. The pocket controller is usable by the patient to adjust aplurality of, but less than all of the operational parameters that areadjustable with the patient controller. One of the operationalparameters adjustable via the pocket controller includes a globalamplitude of electrical pulses in a series of electrical pulses to beemitted by the implantable electrical stimulation device as part of astimulation program. The pocket controller further includes a userinterface that is usable by the patient to input an adjustment of eachof the plurality of operational parameters, and a display device. Thedisplay device displays at least one of a status of a battery providedto power the implantable electrical stimulation device, a status of abattery provided to power the pocket controller, an operational statusof the implantable electrical stimulation device, and informationconcerning one or more of the operational parameters.

In another exemplary aspect, the present disclosure is directed toward amethod of familiarizing a patient with a programmer for controllingexecution of a treatment routine to be performed on the patient, wherethe treatment routine is governed by a plurality of operationalparameters. The method includes providing the patient with a firstpocket controller that communicates with a temporary, trial electricalstimulation device supported externally of the patient during a trialperiod to perform the treatment routine. The trial period is todetermine whether the treatment routine performed by the externalelectrical stimulation device is beneficial to the patient. In responseto a determination that the treatment routine is beneficial to thepatient, the method includes establishing communication between thefirst pocket controller and an implanted electrical stimulation deviceor establishing communication between a second pocket controller, whichis substantially-similar to the first pocket controller, and theelectrical stimulation device to allow the first or second pocketcontrollers to change a plurality of the operational parameters.Communications are also established between a patient controller to beprovided to the patient and the internal electrical stimulation deviceto change a greater number of the operational parameters than a numberof the operational parameters that are adjustable using the first orsecond pocket controllers.

Note that U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/170,558, titled “KEY FOBCONTROLLER FOR AN IMPLANTABLE NEUROSTIMULATOR” and filed on the same dayas the present application and having attorney docket number QIG-47477,is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the followingdetailed description when read with the accompanying figures.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are illustrations of a patient's spine with an exemplaryelectrical stimulator treatment system disposed to treat a particularregion of the spine in accordance with one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of an exemplary pocket controller inaccordance with one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a side of the exemplary pocket controllerof FIG. 2 in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is block diagram of components of the exemplary pocket controllerof FIG. 2 in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of an exemplary patient controller charger inaccordance with one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a top view of the exemplary patientcontroller charger of FIG. 5 in accordance with one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of an exemplary alternatively programmedpatient controller charger in accordance with one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 8 is block diagram of components of the exemplary patientcontroller charger of FIGS. 5-7 in accordance with one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 9 is block diagram of alternative components of the exemplarypatient controller charger of FIGS. 5-7 in accordance with one aspect ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing method steps performed by the pocketcontroller according to one exemplary aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing method steps performed by the patientcontroller charger according to one exemplary aspect of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, orexamples, for implementing different features of various embodiments.Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below tosimplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examplesand are not intended to be limiting. In addition, the present disclosuremay repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples.This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and doesnot in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodimentsand/or configurations discussed.

The devices, systems, and methods described herein introduce an improvedway for controlling and charging an implanted medical device. They use adual controller system that includes a pocket controller and a separatecontroller charger. The most-used functions of an electricalstimulator's controller are incorporated into a small, thin pocketcontroller that is not only comfortable to carry in a pocket, but canalso be attached to a key ring, lanyard, or other such carrying devicefor ease of daily use. These most-used functions are a subset offeatures commonly found on an electrical stimulator's controller, andinclude features such as turning the electrical stimulation on and off,selecting which electrical stimulation program to run, and adjusting thestimulation amplitude. By limiting the functions of this device to thosemost commonly used on a daily basis, the device becomes much lessintimidating to the patient thereby increasing patient compliance, andthe size of the device is substantially reduced, rendering it lessobtrusive and therefore making the patient more comfortable with havingand using an implanted electrical stimulator.

In addition, the devices, systems, and methods described hereinintroduce a separate patient controller charger for the implantedmedical device that provides advanced control features and includes anintegrated charger for the implantable power source. Since the advancedfeatures are necessary only for performing periodic (non-daily)maintenance or stimulation adjustment, and performing other lessfrequently required functions, these advanced features, including thesubset features for redundancy, are maintained on a device separate andapart from the pocket controller. These features are integrated with thealso-infrequently used charger for the implantable power source.Therefore, where a conventional charger performs only a function ofcharging the implant's battery and may include powering stimulation onand off, the system disclosed herein includes a multi-function,full-featured advance patient controller charger combination. In theembodiment shown, patient controller charger incorporates a full colorgraphical user interface with touch screen that presents a simplistic,but rich feature set for the more advanced, while maintaining thecharging functions. Since the larger-sized patient controller chargercan be left at home, its larger size (approximate size of a PDA) willnot raise undesired interest from others. Users have the smallerunobtrusive pocket controller to take with them when they are on the go,and have comfort of the advanced features available for use when in theprivacy of their home.

Further, the dual patient controllers disclosed herein provide a levelof redundancy and risk management not achieved with a single controller.For example, if one controller malfunctions or is misplaced, a patientcan still use the second controller for important control functionsuntil the malfunctioning or misplaced controller is replaced.Accordingly, the patient can continue with his or her scheduled therapy,select another program as desired for effectiveness, and control thestimulation amplitude in the event that it becomes painful or undesired.

As used herein, the term “stimulation program” refers to a series of oneor more stimulation pulses having a defined relationship used to treat aspecific therapy or condition. A modification to the stimulation programinvolves adding or removing a pulse from the program, or changing thedefined relationship of one pulse relative to the next pulse, but doesnot include adjusting the pulse amplitude or the pulse width ofindividual pulses or the series of pulses. According to alternateembodiments, the pulse amplitude and/or the pulse width of individualpulses or the series of pulses can optionally be adjusted using afull-feature controller such as the patient controller, but can not beadjusted using the pocket controller.

FIG. 1A is a side view of a spine 10, and FIG. 1B is a posterior view ofthe spine 10. FIG. 1B shows an exemplary electrical stimulator treatmentsystem 100 disposed to treat a spinal region for treating a symptom,such as chronic pain. The system includes an implantable pulse generator(IPG) 102 that delivers electrical stimulation therapy to the patient,and dual patient controllers shown and described as a pocket controller104 and a patient controller charger (PPC) 106.

Referring now to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the spine 10 includes a cervicalregion 11, a thoracic region 12, a lumbar region 14, and asacrococcygeal region 16. The cervical region 11 includes the top sevenvertebrae, which may be designated with C1-C7. The thoracic region 12includes the next twelve vertebrae below the cervical region 11, whichmay be designated with T1-T12. The lumbar region 14 includes the finalfive “true” vertebrae, which may be designated with L1-L5. Thesacrococcygeal region 16 includes nine fused vertebrae that make up thesacrum and the coccyx. The fused vertebrae of the sacrum may bedesignated with S1-S5.

Neural tissue (not illustrated for the sake of simplicity) branches offfrom the spinal cord through spaces between the vertebrae. The neuraltissue, along with the cord itself, can be individually and selectivelystimulated in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.For example, referring to FIG. 1B, the IPG 102 is implanted inside thebody. A conductive lead 108 is electrically coupled to the circuitryinside the IPG 102. The conductive lead 108 may be removably coupled tothe IPG 102 through a connector, for example. A distal end of theconductive lead 108 is attached to one or more electrodes 110. In theexample shown, the electrodes 110 are implanted adjacent to a desirednerve tissue in the thoracic region 12. The distal end of the lead 108with its accompanying electrodes may be positioned beneath the duramater using well-established and known techniques in the art.

The electrodes 110 deliver current drawn from the IPG 102, therebygenerating an electric field near the neural tissue. The electric fieldstimulates the neural tissue to accomplish its intended functions. Forexample, the neural stimulation may alleviate pain in an embodiment. Inother embodiments, a stimulator as described above may be placed indifferent locations throughout the body and may be programmed to addressa variety of problems, including for example but without limitation;prevention or reduction of epileptic seizures, bladder control, weightcontrol or regulation of heart beats.

It is understood that the IPG 102, the lead 108, and the electrodes 110may be implanted completely inside the body, may be positionedcompletely outside the body or may have only one or more componentsimplanted within the body while other components remain outside thebody. When they are implanted inside the body, the implant location maybe adjusted (e.g., anywhere along the spine 10) to deliver the intendedtherapeutic effects of spinal cord electrical stimulation in a desiredregion of the spine. The IPG 102 in this system is a fully implantable,battery-powered neurostimulation device for providing electricalstimulation to a body region of a patient. In the example shown in FIG.1B, the IPG 102 is configured to provide neural stimulation to thespine. However, in other embodiments, IPG 102 may be a different type ofpulse generator, including, for example, a pacemaker, a defibrillator, atrial stimulator or any other type of medical device. Here, the IPG 102is structurally configured and arranged for wireless programming andcontrol through the skin of the patient. Accordingly, it includes atransmitter and receiver capable of communicating with externalprogramming and control devices, such as the pocket controller 104, thePPC 106, and a separate clinician programmer (not shown). It alsoincludes a rechargeable power source, such as a battery configured to bewirelessly recharged through the patient's skin when the PPC 106 isexternally placed in the proximity of the IPG 102.

The pocket controller 104 provides only limited functionality forcontrolling the IPG 102, and allows a user to control the most-used,such as daily-used, functions of the IPG 102. It is sized and configuredfor simple convenience and discreetness. The PPC 106 performs all thefunctions of the pocket controller 104, but also includes more advancedfeatures and functionality for controlling the IPG 102 that are usedless frequently than a daily basis, such as, for example, perhapsweekly. In addition, it is an integrated charger for recharging thepower source in the IPG 102. The PPC 106 can be left at home, as itsfunctions are typically not required for daily use. A separate clinicianprogrammer (not shown) is a device typically maintained in a health careprovider's possession and can be used to program the IPG 102 duringoffice visits. For example only, the clinician controller can define theavailable stimulation programs for the device by enabling and disablingparticular stimulation programs, can define the actual stimulationprograms by creating defined relationships between pulses, and performother functions. FIGS. 2-4 show the pocket controller 104 in greaterdetail and FIGS. 5-9 show the PPC 106 in greater detail.

Turning first to FIGS. 2 and 3, the pocket controller 104 comprises anouter housing 120 having an on-off switch 122, a plurality of controlbuttons 124, and a display 126. In this embodiment, the housing 120 issized for discreetness and may be sized to fit easily in a pocket andmay be about the same size as a key fob. In one example, the housing 120forming the pocket controller 104 has a thickness of less than about 1.5inch, a width of less than about 1.5 inch, and a height of less thanabout 3 inches. In another example, the housing 120 forming the pocketcontroller 104 has a thickness of about 0.8 inch, a width of about 1.4inch, and a height of about 2.56 inch. However, both larger and smallersizes are contemplated.

In this example, the control buttons 124 include two adjustment buttons128 a, 128 b, a select button 130, and an emergency off button (notshown, but disposed on a side of the housing 120 opposing the on-offswitch 122). The two adjustment buttons 128 a, 128 b allow a user toscroll or highlight available options and increase or decrease valuesshown on the display 126. The select button 130 allows a user to enterthe value or select the highlighted options. In this example, thebuttons 128 a, 128 b are used to navigate to one of the three availablefunctions: 1) electrical stimulation on/off, 2) control stimulationamplitude adjustment, and 3) electrical stimulation program selection.Once the desired function is highlighted, the select button is pushed toallow changes (i.e. change the stimulation amplitude, select a differentstimulation program, or turn the electrical stimulation on or off). Insome examples, the IPG control functions of the pocket controller 104consist of these functions. The emergency off button is disposed foreasy access for a patient to turn off stimulation from the IPG 102 ifthe IPG provides too much stimulation or stimulation becomesuncomfortable for the patient.

In the embodiment shown, the display 126 is an LCD display arranged toconvey information to the user regarding selectable options, presentsettings, operating parameters and other information about the IPG 102or the pocket controller 104. In this example, the display 126 shows thepocket controller's battery status at 132, the IPG's battery status at134, the IPG's on or off status at 136, the currently selectedelectrical stimulation program at 138, and the amplitude setting of therunning electrical stimulation program at 140. Other types of displaysare also contemplated.

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of components making up the pocketcontroller 104. It includes a user interface 150, a control module 152,a communication module 154, and a power storing controller 156. The userinterface 150 is comprised of the buttons 128 a, 128 b, 130 and thedisplay 126 described above with reference to FIG. 2.

As can be seen, the user interface 150 is in communication with thecontrol module 152. The control module 152 comprises a processor 158,memory, an analog-digital converter 162, and a watch dog circuit 164.The processor 158 may include a microprocessor, a controller, a digitalsignal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), discrete logiccircuitry, or the like. The processor 158 is configured to execute codeor instructions provided in the memory. Here, the memory is comprised offlash memory 166 and RAM memory 168. However, the memory may include anyvolatile or non-volatile media, such as a random access memory (RAM),read only memory (ROM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), electrically erasableprogrammable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and the like. In someembodiments, the memory stores sets of stimulation control parametersthat are available to be selected for delivery through the communicationmodule 154 to the IPG 102 for electrical stimulation therapy. The ADconverter 162 performs known functions of converting signals and the WD164 is arranged to time out when necessary, such as in an event wherethe software becomes stuck in a loop. In one embodiment, the controlmodule 152 comprises integrated circuits disposed on a PC board.

The communication module 154 comprises a medical implant communicationservice (MICS) RF transceiver 172 used to communicate with the IPG 102to communicate desired changes and to receive status updates from andrelating to the IPG 102, such as battery status and any errorinformation. In this example, the MICS RF transceiver 172 utilizes aloop antenna for the communications with the IPG 102. Other antennas,such as, for example, dipole, chip antennas, or other known in the artalso may be used. The communication module 154 also includes a wake uptransmitter 174, an amplifier 176, and matching networks 178. The wakeup transmitter 174 operates on a high frequency and is configured tosend a short signal burst to wake up the IPG 102 when it is in apower-saving mode. Once the IPG 102 is ready, a communications link canbe established between the IPG 102 and pocket controller 104, andcommunications can then occur over the MICS transceiver 172 using astandard frequency for a medical device transmission. The matchingnetworks 178 tunes the antenna for optimum transmission power for thefrequency selected. The pocket controller 104 also includes aprogramming interface 182. This may be used during manufacturing to loadan operating system and program the pocket controller 104.

The power storing controller 156 is configured to convert power torecharge one or more rechargeable batteries 180. The batteries 180provide power to operate the pocket controller 104 allowing it toreceive user inputs and transmit control signals to the IPG 102. Someembodiments use primary cell batteries instead of rechargeablebatteries. As indicated above, this pocket controller 104 is part of alarger system that contains the PPC 106 with a rich feature set forcontrolling the IPG 102 and includes an integrated battery charger usedto charge the IPG's battery. By providing both the pocket controller 104and the PPC 106, the patient can have a small unobtrusive device tocarry around as they go about their daily business and a larger morefull featured device which they can use in the comfort and privacy oftheir homes.

The pocket controller 104 is not only comfortable to carry in a pocket,but can also be attached to a key ring, lanyard, or other such carryingdevice for ease of daily use. Its functions are a subset of functionsfound on the PPC 106, and permit a user to power the IPG on and off(i.e., the IPG 102 remains on, but stimulation is toggled between the onstate when the IPG 102 is emitting electrical pulses and the off statewhen the IPG 102 is not emitting electrical pulses but remains in thestandby mode for additional communications from the pocket controller104, the PPC 106, or both), select which electrical stimulation programto run, and adjust their stimulation amplitude. By limiting thefunctions of the pocket controller to those most commonly used on adaily basis, the device becomes much less intimidating to the patient,and allows it to be kept very small. By keeping the device small, suchas about key fob size, it becomes unobtrusive and the patient is morecomfortable with having and using an implanted device.

FIGS. 5-7 show the PPC 106 in greater detail. FIG. 5 is a front view ofthe PPC and FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5. Referring to FIGS. 5-7, thePPC 106 performs all the same operating functions as the pocketcontroller 104, but includes additional operating functions making it amulti-function full-featured, advanced patient controller charger. Inthe embodiment shown, the PPC 106 provides a simple but rich feature setto the more advanced user, along with the charging functions.

The PPC 106 includes a controller-charger portion 200 and a coil portion202 connected by a flexible cable 204 and sharing components asdescribed below. The controller-charger portion 200 comprises an outerhousing 206 having an on-off switch 208 on its side, a plurality ofcontrol buttons 210, and a display 212, and an emergency off button (notshown, but disposed on a side of the housing 206 opposing the on-offswitch 208). In this embodiment, the control buttons 210 are icons onthe display 212, and the display is a full color, touch screen,graphical user interface. In addition, the controller-charger portion200 includes a home button 214 configured to return the displayed imagesto a home screen. The controller-charger portion 200 is larger than thepocket controller 104 and in one embodiment is sized with a heightgreater than about 3 inches, a width greater than about 2.5 inches, anda thickness greater than about 0.8 inch. In another embodiment, thecontroller-charger portion is sized with a width of about 3.1 inches, aheight of about 4.5 inches, and thickness of about 0.96 inches, althoughboth larger and smaller sizes are contemplated.

In this example, the control buttons 210 allow a user to select adesired feature for control or further display. Particularly, thecontrol buttons 210 enable functions of the PPC 106 that are the same asthose of the pocket controller 104 (stimulation on/off, programstimulation amplitude adjustment, and stimulation program selection)along with additional features including: charging IPG battery,individual pulse stimulation amplitude adjustment, stimulation programfrequency adjustment, individual pulse width adjustment, detailed IPGstatus, detailed PPC status, PPC setup/configuration, a PPC batterystatus indicator, PPC to IPG communication status indicator, and otheritems and functions. The detailed IPG status may include, for example,IPG serial number and IPG software revision level. Detailed PPC statusmay include, for example, date and time setting, brightness control,audio volume and mute control, and PPC serial number and softwarerevision level.

By having a pocket controller that includes only three controls(stimulation on/off, program amplitude adjust, and stimulation programselection), a user can quickly and easily identify and select thefeatures that are most commonly used. Features that are used lessfrequently, such as IPG recharge, are only included on the full-featuredPPC. Features that are seldom accessed, or not accessed at all by someusers, including individual pulse amplitude adjust, pulse width adjust,stimulation program frequency adjust, or serial number and softwarerevision information, are also not included on the limited-featurepocket controller, but are included on the PPC. This allows the pocketcontroller to be significantly smaller, with a very simple and easy touser interface, as compared to systems that need to support all of thesefeatures.

Referring to the example shown in FIG. 5, the touch screen display 212is arranged to convey information to the user regarding selectableoptions, current settings, operating parameters and other informationabout the IPG 102 or the PPC 106. In this example, the display 212 showsa MICS communication indicator 220, the PPC's battery status at 222, theIPG's battery status at 224, the IPG's on or off status at 226, thecurrently selected electrical stimulation program at 228, and theamplitude setting of the active electrical stimulation program at 230.In addition, the display 212 shows the frequency 232, the pulse widthsetting 234, a selectable status icon for accessing detailed PPCinformation 236, a selectable status icon for accessing detailed IPGinformation 238, and a selectable icon for enabling IPG charging 240.Selecting any single icon may activate another menu within that selectedsubject area. The controller-charger portion 200 may include arechargeable battery whose charge status is shown by the PPC's batterystatus at 222.

The coil portion 202 is configured to wirelessly charge the batteries inthe IPG 102. In use, the coil portion 202 is applied against thepatient's skin externally so that energy can be inductively transmittedand stored in the IPG battery. As noted above, the coil portion 202 isconnected with the integrated controller-charger portion 200.Accordingly, the controller-charger portion 200 can simultaneouslydisplay the current status of the coil portion 204, the battery powerlevel of the IPG 102, as well as the battery power level of the PPC.Accordingly, controlling and charging can occur in a more simplistic,time-effective manner, where the patient can perform all IPG maintenancein a single sitting. In addition, since the most commonly used featuresof the PPC 106 are already functional on the pocket controller, the PPC106 may be left at home when the user does not desire to carry thelarger, more bulky PPC.

FIG. 7 shows an alternative display configuration of the PPC 106,including fewer available functions for user control. In thisembodiment, the user has been denied access to the frequency and pulsewidth buttons shown in FIG. 5. Accordingly, in some examples, the healthcare provider may program the IPG 102 with the clinician controller (notshown) so that the IPG 102 allows the PPC 106 to control certainparameters as in the device in FIG. 5 or may program the IPG 102 to denycontrol of certain parameters from the PPC 106 as in the device in FIG.7. In FIG. 7, the absence of the buttons indicates that those optionsare not available.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of the components making up the PPC 106. Itincludes a user interface 250, a control module 252, a communicationmodule 254, an IPG power charging module 256, and a power storing module258. The user interface 250 is comprised of the buttons 210 and thedisplay 212 described above. In this embodiment however, the userinterface 250 also includes one or more LEDs 266 signifying whether thePPC 106 is charging or powered on and a backlight 268 that illuminatesthe color display. In some embodiments, these LEDs may have colorssymbolizing the occurring function. An LED driver 270 and a speaker oramplifier 272 also form a part of the user interface 250.

As can be seen, the user interface 250 is in communication with thecontrol module 252. The control module 252 comprises a processor 276,memory 278, and a power management integrated circuit (PMIC)/real timeclock (RTC) 280. In the example shown, the control module 252 alsoincludes a Wi-Fi RF transceiver 282 that allows the PPC 106 to connectto a wireless network for data transfer. For example, it may permitdoctor-patient interaction via the internet, remote access to PPC logfiles, remote diagnostics, and other information transfer functions. ThePMIC 280 is configured to control the charging aspects of the PPC 106.The Wi-Fi transceiver 282 enables Wi-Fi data transfer for programmingthe PPC 106, and may permit wireless access to stored data and operatingparameters. Some embodiments also include a Bluetooth RF transceiver forcommunication with, for example, a Bluetooth enabled printer, akeyboard, etc.

In one embodiment, the control module 252 also includes an AD converterand a watch dog circuit as described above with reference to the controlmodule 252. Here, the memory 278 is comprised of flash memory and RAMmemory, but may be other memory as described above. In some embodiments,the processor 276 is an embedded processor running a WinCE operatingsystem (or any real time OS) with the graphics interface 250, and thememory 278 stores sets of stimulation control parameters that areavailable to be selected for delivery through the communication module254 to the IPG 102 for electrical stimulation therapy. In oneembodiment, the control module 252 comprises integrated circuitsdisposed on a PC board.

The communication module 254 comprises a MICS RF transceiver 290, a wakeup transmitter 292, an amplifier 294, and matching networks 296. Thecommunication module 254 may be similar to the communication module 154discussed above, and will not be further described here. The PPC 206also includes a programming interface 298 that may be used duringmanufacturing to load an operating system and program the PPC 206.

The power storing module 258 is configured to convert power to rechargeone or more rechargeable batteries 302. In this embodiment, thebatteries 302 are lithium-ion cells that provide power to operate thePPC 106 allowing it to receive user inputs, transmit control signals to,and charge the IPG 102. The power storing module 258 includes aconnector 304 for connecting to a power source, a power protectiondetection circuit 306 for protecting the PPC from power surges, andlinear power supplies 308 for assisting with the electric transfer tocharge the batteries 302. As can be seen, the control module 252 aidswith the charging and is configured to monitor and send the batterycharge level to the user interface 250 for display. The connector 304connects the PPC, directly or indirectly, to a power source (not shown)such as a conventional wall outlet for receiving electrical current. Insome embodiments, the connector 304 comprises a cradle.

The power charging module 256 communicates with the control module 252and is arranged to magnetically or inductively charge the IPG 102. Inthe embodiments shown, it is magnetically or inductively coupled to theIPG 102 to charge rechargeable batteries on the IPG 102. The chargingmodule 256 includes components in both the controller-charger portion200 and the coil portion 202 (FIG. 5). It includes switch boostcircuitry 316, a load power monitor 318, an LSK demodulator 320, a ASKmodulator 322, a current mode transmitter 324, an ADC 326, and coils328. As can be seen, the control module 252 aids with the charging andis configured to monitor and send the IPG battery charge level to theuser interface 250 for display.

In this embodiment, the coils 328 are disposed in the coil portion 202and are configured to create magnetic or inductive coupling withcomponents in the IPG 102. Since the coil portion 202 is integrated withthe controller-charger portion 200, both operate from a single battery302. Accordingly, as can be seen by the circuitry, the battery 302powers the control module 252 and all its associated components. Inaddition, the battery 302 powers the power charging module 256 forrecharging the IPG 102.

Because the coil portion 202 is integrated with the controller-chargerportion 200, the control module 252 provides a single control interfaceand a single user interface for performing both functions of controllingthe IPG 102 and of charging the IPG 102. In addition, because thecontroller-charger portion 200 and the coil portion 202 are integrated,the controller-charger portion 200 simultaneously controls both thecurrent status of the charger, the battery power level of the IPG 102,as well as the battery power level of the PPC. Accordingly, controllingand charging can occur in a more simplistic, time-effective manner,where the patient can perform all IPG maintenance in a single sitting.In addition, since the most commonly used features of the PPC 106 arealready functional on the pocket controller, the PPC 106 may be left athome when the user does not desire to carry the larger, more bulky PPC.

FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of a PPC, referenced herein bythe numeral 106 a. In this embodiment, instead of having a singleprocessor in the PPC, the functions of the control module are dividedinto processors splitting the functions required by the single processorembodiment in FIG. 8. For reference, similar items maintain the samereference numeral.

As can be seen, the PPC 106 a includes the user interface 250, thecommunication module 254, and the power storing module 258. It alsoincludes a power charging module 256 a and a control module that in thisembodiment includes both a controller 340 and a controller 342. Thecontroller 340 is similar in some ways to the control module 152 in FIG.4, and the controller 342 is similar in some ways to the control module252 described in FIG. 8. The controllers 340, 342 have divided thefunctionality of the PPC into separate portions however. For example, ascan be seen, the controller 340 is arranged, and contains instructionsfor controlling the power charging module 256 a and MICS communicationsmodule 254, while the controller 342 is arranged and containsinstructions for controlling the power storing module 258 and the userinterface 250.

As discussed above, the PPC contains all the features available in thepocket controller 104 (stimulation on/off, stimulation program amplitudeadjustment, and stimulation program selection). It also includesadditional features including, for example, charge IPG battery,individual pulse/area stimulation amplitude adjustment, stimulationprogram frequency adjustment, individual pulse/area pulse widthadjustment, detailed IPG status, detailed PPC status, PPCsetup/configuration, PPC battery status indicator, PPC to IPGcommunication status indicator, and other items.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a method of operation taken by thepocket controller 104 according to one aspect of the present disclosure.The processor 158 and memory 160 contain all the necessary software andprogramming in order to communicate with the IPG 102 and to receive userinputs performing the available functions of: 1) electrical stimulationon/off, 2) program stimulation amplitude adjustment, and 3) electricalstimulation program selection. In some examples, the control functionsof the pocket controller consist only of these functions, while in otherembodiments, the control functions contain more or fewer functions, butin all cases is a limited function device having fewer controlfunctional capabilities than the PPC.

When the pocket controller 104 is powered on using the on-off switch 122and within communication range of the IPG 102, the pocket controller 104interrogates the IPG 102, as indicated at step 402 in FIG. 10. Inresponse, the IPG 102 transmits to the pocket controller informationregarding its current settings including which stimulation programs areavailable for implementation. As indicated above, some embodiments ofthe pocket controller communicate only with the IPG 102, and not withthe PPC 106. In these embodiments, the pocket controller 104 mustreceive its data from the IPG. In one example, the information receivedfrom the IPG includes the current neurostimulation on-off state, theamplitude setting or level, and the stimulation programs available forimplementation.

In this embodiment, the pocket controller 104 may receive datarepresenting a stimulation program identifier uniquely representing eachstimulation program that the IPG is capable of carrying out. In FIG. 2,the stimulation program identifier is a numerical number with a “p” asshown at 138. A clinician however, using a clinician programmer or otherdevice, may have only enabled certain stimulation programs on the IPG102, but not all of the available stimulation programs. In these cases,in response to the interrogation, the pocket controller receives dataindicating which stimulation programs are enabled on the IPG 102.

Once received, the pocket controller 104 stores the received data atstep 406. At step 408, the pocket controller 104 receives dataindicative of the power charge level of the IPG 102, and at step 410,the pocket controller 104 displays the current settings and dataindicative of the power charge level. An example of this is shown inFIG. 2, where the pocket controller 104 displays the current on-offstate of the electrical stimulation, the amplitude setting, thecurrently set stimulation program, and the power level of both the IPG102 and the pocket controller 104.

At step 412, the pocket controller 104 receives an input from a user tomodify the current settings. To do this, the pocket controller 104receives inputs via the adjustment buttons 128 a, 128 b. In response tothe adjustment buttons, the pocket controller scrolls through theavailable function options and highlights each in turn. The selectbutton 130 allows a user to select the desired highlighted function.Accordingly, when the pocket controller 104 receives a select input viathe select button 130, the pocket controller permits modification of theselected function setting using the adjustment buttons 128 a, 128 b andthe select button 130. For example, if the user highlights and selectsthe stimulation amplitude adjustment function, the pocket controllerenters an adjustment mode allowing the user to increase or decrease theamplitude level (shown as a numerical value in FIG. 2) using theadjustment buttons 128 a, 128 b. Once the desired amplitude level isdisplayed the user may select it using the select button 130, oralternatively, the controller may automatically enter the displayedvalue.

In some examples, when the user scrolls to and selects the programfunction, further inputs by the adjustment buttons 128 a, 128 b willscroll through the stimulation programs enabled on the IPG, but will notdisplay or allow a user to select stimulation programs that are notenabled on the IPG. For example, if only stimulation programs 1, 5, and10 out of ten different stimulation programs are enabled, the pocketcontroller 104 may be programmed to display for selection onlystimulation programs 1, 5, and 10, and not display the remaining,non-enabled stimulation programs. Accordingly, the pocket controller maybe enabled to only display options available to the user.

In response to receiving an input at the select button 130, the pocketcontroller 104 transmits data representing the selected adjustment tothe IPG 102 at step 414, and the IPG 102 responds by modifying itssettings to carry out the command of the pocket controller 104.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing a method of operation taken by the PPC106 according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Althoughdescribed with reference to PPC 106 in FIG. 8, it should be understoodthat the method may be performed by any PPC within this scope of thisdisclosure. The processor 256 and memory 278 contain all the necessarysoftware and programming in order to communicate with the IPG 102, tocharge the IPG, and to receive user inputs performing the same controlfunctions as the pocket controller 104, plus additional controlfunctions. For example, these additional control functions performed bythe PPC 106 may include charging the IPG battery, adjusting individualpulse/area stimulation amplitude, adjusting stimulation programfrequency, adjusting individual pulse/area pulse width, providingdetailed IPG status, providing detailed PPC status, enabling PPCsetup/configuration, indicating PPC and IPG battery status, displayingPPC to IPG communication status indicator, and other items.

Turning to FIG. 11, when the PPC 106 is powered on using the on-offswitch 208 and within communication range of the IPG 102, the PPC 106interrogates the IPG 102, as indicated at step 454. In response, the IPG102 transmits to the PPC information regarding its current settingsincluding stimulation programs available for implementation, at step456. In some embodiments, as described above, the PPC 106 includes asingle user interface for performing both functions of controlling theIPG 102 and of charging the IPG 102. In addition, because thecontroller-charger portion 200 and the coil portion 202 are integrated,the controller-charger portion 200 simultaneously controls both thecurrent status of the charger, the battery power level of the IPG 102,as well as the battery power level of the PPC.

In some embodiments, the PPC 106 may receive data representing astimulation program identifier uniquely representing each stimulationprogram that the IPG is capable of carrying out or programmed to carryout, similar to the operation of the pocket controller 104 above.

The PPC 106 stores the received data at step 458. At step 460, the PPC106 receives data indicative of the power charge level of the IPG 102,and at step 462, the PPC 106 displays the current settings and dataindicative of the power charge level. An example of this is shown inFIG. 5, where the PPC displays the current on-off state of theelectrical stimulation, the amplitude setting, the currently setstimulation program, and the power level of both the IPG 102 and the PPC104, the communication status of the PPC to the IPG. In someembodiments, the PPC 106 displays the current stimulation programfrequency, the individual pulse/area pulse width, and other information.

At step 464, the PPC 106 receives an input from a user to modify thecurrent settings. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the PPC 106includes a touch screen display, and the inputs are received via a usertouching an icon displayed on the touch screen display. Once aparticular function is selected, the PPC permits modification of theselected function setting using the touch screen. At a step 466, the PPCtransmits signals to the IPG to modify the settings and control.

At a step 468, the PPC 106 receives instructions from a user to chargethe IPG 102. In response, at step 470, the PPC responds by directingcurrent through the coil 328 for creating an inductive or a magneticfield. Since the coil portion 202 is integrated with thecontroller-charger portion 200, in the examples shown, both operate froma single battery 302. Accordingly, as can be seen by the circuitry, thebattery 302 powers the control module 252 and all its associatedcomponents. In addition, the battery 302 powers the power chargingmodule 256 for recharging the IPG 102.

In addition to providing the advantage of a discrete, smaller,functionally limited device, the pocket controller also providescontroller redundancy to the patient. Accordingly, the patient is morelikely to carry the pocket controller for use, but also serves as abackup to turn off treatments if they become uncomfortable.

The devices, systems, and methods described herein introduce an improvedway for controlling and charging an implanted medical device by using afull-featured PPC and a smaller, less intimidating, limited feature,device for everyday use. In addition, because of the redundant nature ofthe two controllers, the system disclosed herein provides a level ofrisk management not achieved with a single controller. For example, ifone controller malfunctions or is misplaced, the patient still will havethe second controller to manage at least the more important andimmediate functions of the IPG until the malfunctioning or misplacedcontroller is replaced. Therefore, the patient can continue with his orher scheduled therapy, modify the stimulation treatment as desired foreffectiveness, and control the stimulation in the event that it becomespainful or undesired.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification and practice of theinvention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification andexamples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spiritof the invention being indicated by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device, comprising: a housing having akey-fob-sized form factor; electrical circuitry implemented inside thehousing, the electrical circuitry including a communication moduleconfigured to conduct wireless communications with an implantable pulsegenerator; a user display implemented on the housing, the user displaybeing configured to display one or more statuses of the implantablepulse generator, the implantable pulse generator being configured togenerate an electrical stimulation therapy; and one or more buttonsimplemented on the housing, the one or more buttons being configured tosend instructions, via the communication module, to the implantablepulse generator to adjust a stimulation parameter of the electricalstimulation therapy.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the housing has athickness less than about 1.5 inch, a width less than about 1.5 inch,and a height less than about 3 inches.
 3. The device of claim 1, whereinthe form factor of the housing is configured such that it is attachableto a key ring or a lanyard.
 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the one ormore statuses include: a battery status of the implantable pulsegenerator, a stimulation program currently being executed by theimplantable pulse generator, and an on/off status of the implantablepulse generator.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the user display isfurther configured to display a battery status of the device.
 6. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the one or more buttons include an emergencyoff button implemented on the housing, the emergency off button beingconfigured to shut off the electrical stimulation therapy.
 7. The deviceof claim 1, wherein the communication module includes a medical implantcommunication service (MICS) transceiver operating in a frequency bandranging from about 402 MHz to about 405 MHz.
 8. The device of claim 1,wherein the communication module includes a loop antenna.
 9. The deviceof claim 1, wherein the electrical circuitry further comprises arechargeable battery and a power storing controller configured toconvert power to recharge the rechargeable battery.
 10. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the electrical circuitry further comprises a watch dogcircuitry configured to time out when a software running on theelectrical circuitry becomes stuck in a loop.
 11. A system, comprising:an implantable pulse generator configured to generate electrical pulsesfor an electrical stimulation therapy; and a pocket controllerconfigured to control the implantable pulse generator, wherein thepocket controller includes: a housing having a key-fob-sized formfactor; electrical circuitry implemented inside the housing, theelectrical circuitry including a communication module configured toconduct wireless communications with the implantable pulse generator; auser display implemented on the housing, the user display beingconfigured to display one or more statuses of the implantable pulsegenerator; and one or more buttons implemented on the housing, the oneor more buttons being configured to send instructions, via thecommunication module, to the implantable pulse generator to adjust astimulation parameter of the electrical stimulation therapy.
 12. Thesystem of claim 11, wherein the form factor of the housing is configuredsuch that it is attachable to a key ring or a lanyard.
 13. The system ofclaim 11, wherein the one or more statuses include: a battery status ofthe implantable pulse generator, a stimulation program currently beingexecuted by the implantable pulse generator, and an on/off status of theimplantable pulse generator, and wherein the user display is furtherconfigured to display a battery status of the pocket controller.
 14. Thesystem of claim 11, wherein the one or more buttons include an emergencyoff button implemented on the housing, the emergency off button beingconfigured to shut off the electrical stimulation therapy.
 15. Thesystem of claim 11, wherein the communication module includes a medicalimplant communication service (MICS) transceiver operating in afrequency band ranging from about 402 MHz to about 405 MHz, and whereinthe electrical circuitry further comprises a rechargeable battery, apower storing controller configured to convert power to recharge therechargeable battery, and a watch dog circuitry configured to time outwhen a software running on the electrical circuitry becomes stuck in aloop.
 16. The system of claim 11, further comprising a patientcontroller charger (PPC) having a larger form factor than the pocketcontroller, the PPC offering more programming options than the pocketcontroller, the PPC containing circuitry configured to electricallycharge the implantable pulse generator.
 17. A device, comprising: ahousing having a key-fob-sized form factor such that it is attachable toa key ring or a lanyard; electrical circuitry implemented inside thehousing, the electrical circuitry including a communication moduleconfigured to conduct wireless communications with an implantable pulsegenerator that is configured to generate an electrical stimulationtherapy; a user display implemented on the housing, the user displaybeing configured to display one or more statuses of the implantablepulse generator, the one or more statuses being selected from the groupconsisting of: a battery status of the implantable pulse generator, abattery status of the device, a stimulation program currently beingexecuted by the implantable pulse generator, and an on/off status of theimplantable pulse generator; and one or more buttons implemented on thehousing, the one or more buttons being configured to send instructions,via the communication module, to the implantable pulse generator toadjust a stimulation parameter of the electrical stimulation therapy.18. The device of claim 17, wherein the housing has a thickness lessthan about 1.5 inch, a width less than about 1.5 inch, and a height lessthan about 3 inches.
 19. The device of claim 17, wherein the one or morebuttons include an emergency off button implemented on the housing, theemergency off button being configured to shut off the electricalstimulation therapy.
 20. The device of claim 17, wherein thecommunication module includes a loop antenna and a medical implantcommunication service (MICS) transceiver operating in a frequency bandranging from about 402 MHz to about 405 MHz.